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Bezig met laden... Institutions and European Trade: Merchant Guilds, 1000-1800 (Cambridge Studies in Economic History - Second Series) (editie 2011)door Sheilagh Ogilvie (Auteur)
Informatie over het werkInstitutions and European Trade: Merchant Guilds, 1000-1800 (Cambridge Studies in Economic History - Second Series) door Sheilagh Ogilvie
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What was the role of merchant guilds in the medieval and early modern economy? Does their wide prevalence and long survival mean they were efficient institutions that benefited the whole economy? Or did merchant guilds simply offer an effective way for the rich and powerful to increase their wealth, at the expense of outsiders, customers and society as a whole? These privileged associations of businessmen were key institutions in the European economy from 1000 to 1800. Historians debate merchant guilds' role in the Commercial Revolution, economists use them to support theories about institutions and development, and policymakers view them as prime examples of social capital, with important lessons for modern economies. Sheilagh Ogilvie's magisterial new history of commercial institutions shows how scrutinizing merchant guilds can help us understand which types of institution made trade grow, why institutions exist, and how corporate privileges affect economic efficiency and human well-being. Geen bibliotheekbeschrijvingen gevonden. |
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Google Books — Bezig met laden... GenresDewey Decimale Classificatie (DDC)382.094Social sciences Commerce, Communications, Transportation International commerce, Foreign trade Biography And History EuropeLC-classificatieWaarderingGemiddelde:
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This isn't an easy way to write a book because it could easily degenerate into a mere recital of weakly connected citations, but the author joins the disparate sources together masterfully into a concise whole. Not many historians balance their detailed source material with broad general arguments as skillfully as she does. It is clear that she has studied economics and social science more widely than any history curriculum would require, and she puts all of that knowledge to good use. As far as the methodology of historical writing is concerned, this book therefore sets a new standard and I sincerely hope that other historians emulate it.
As for its subject matter, this book is an attack against overly positive views of European merchant guilds. Medieval merchant guilds strived for, and were often granted, commercial monopolies. Some modern historians have argued that this was a good thing because the guilds facilitated commercial security and contract enforcement, provided solutions to information problems and kept prices stable. The author challenges each of these claims in turn.
The thrust of her argument is twofold: (1) Merchant guilds were not always beneficial to the economy, and in many cases they were directly harmful. Rulers granted commercial monopolies not for reasons of efficiency, but for their own benefit. Well-organized guilds with monopolistic rights could help the king fend off political and financial threats from the nobility in return for their exclusive privileges. This collusion hindered both economic development and (this final conclusion is my own, not the author's) the emergence of political representation. (2) Alternative institutions for solving the problems of commerce existed, even inclusive ones which served everyone. They were utilized by many merchants and performed functions that state bureaucracies would later appropriate, but even though they functioned well in many places their development was slow in the shadow of the monopolies. As the author puts it: particularized trust was a substitute for generalized trust.
Just like Aristotle's works, this is a book that most readers probably would not read a second time. The reason is the same in both cases: the argument is so clear and comprehensive that when you finish the book you will consider the matter settled, at least for the next 1500 years.