Master the SAT II Biology E/M Subject Test and score higher... Our test experts show you the right way to prepare for this important college exam. REA''s SAT II Biology E/M test prep covers all biology topics to appear on the actual exam including in-depth coverage of cell processes, genetics, fungi, plants, animals, human biological functions, and more. The book features 6 full-length practice SAT II Biology E/M exams. Each practice exam question is fully explained to help you better understand the subject material. Use the book''s glossary for speedy look-ups and smarter searches. Follow up your study with REA''s proven test-taking strategies, powerhouse drills and study schedule that get you ready for test day. DETAILS - Comprehensive review of every biology topic to appear on the SAT II subject test - Flexible study schedule tailored to your needs - Packed with proven test tips, strategies and advice to help you master the test - 6 full-length practice SAT II Biology E/M Subject tests. Each test question is answered in complete detail with easy-to-follow, easy-to-grasp explanations. - The book''s glossary allows for quicker, smarter searches of the information you need most TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION: PREPARING FOR THE SAT II: BIOLOGY E/M SUBJECT TEST About the SAT II: Biology E/M Format of the SAT II: Biology E/M About this Book How to Use this Book Test-Taking Tips Study Schedule Scoring the SAT II: Biology E/M Scoring Worksheet The Day of the Test CHAPTER 1 - CHEMISTRY OF LIFE General Chemistry Definitions Chemical Bonds Acids and Bases Chemical Changes Laws of Thermodynamics Organic Chemistry Biochemical Pathways Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration ATP and NAD The Respiratory Chain (Electron Transport System) Anaerobic Pathways Molecular Genetics DNA: The Basic Substance of Genes CHAPTER 2 - THE CELL Cell Structure and Function Prokaryotic Cells Eukaryotic Cells Exchange of Materials Between Cell and Environment Cellular Division Equipment and Techniques Units of Measurement Microscopes CHAPTER 3 - GENETICS: THE SCIENCE OF HEREDITY Mendelian Genetics Definitions Laws of Genetics Patterns of Inheritance, Chromosomes, Genes, and Alleles The Chromosome Principle of Inheritance Genes and the Environment Improving the Species Sex Chromosomes Sex-linked Characteristics Inheritance of Defects Modern Genetics How Living Things are Classified CHAPTER 4 - A SURVEY OF BACTERIA, PROTISTS, AND FUNGI Diversity and Characteristics of the Monera Kingdom Archaebacteria Eubacteria The Kingdom Protista The Kingdom Fungi CHAPTER 5 - A SURVEY OF PLANTS Diversity, Classification, and Phylogeny of the Plant Kingdom Adaptations to Land The Life Cycle (Life History): Alternation of Generations in Plants Anatomy, Morphology, and Physiology of Vascular Plants Transport of Food in Vascular Plants Plant Tissues Reproduction and Growth in Seed Plants Photosynthesis Plant Hormones: Types, Functions, Effects on Plant Growth Environmental Influences on Plants and Plant Responses to Stimuli CHAPTER 6 - ANIMAL TAXONOMY AND TISSUES Diversity, Classification, and Phylogeny Survey of Acoelomate, Pseudocoelomate, Protostome, and Deuterostome Phyla Structure and Function of Tissues, Organs, and Systems Animal Tissues Nerve Tissue Blood Epithelial Tissue Connective (Supporting) Tissue CHAPTER 7 - DIGESTION/NUTRITION The Human Digestive System Ingestion and Digestion Digestive System Disorders Human Nutrition Carbohydrates Fats Proteins Vitamins CHAPTER 8 - RESPIRATION AND CIRCULATION Respiration in Humans Breathing Lung Disorders Respiration in Other Organisms Circulation in Humans Blood Lymph Circulation of Blood Transport Mechanisms in Other Organisms CHAPTER 9 - THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM The Human Endocrine System Thyroid Gland Parathyroid Gland Pituitary Gland Pancreas Adrenal Glands Pineal Gland Thymus Gland Sex Glands Hormones of the Alimentary Canal Disorders of the Endocrine System The Endocrine System in Other Organisms CHAPTER 10 - THE NERVOUS SYSTEM The Nervous System Neurons Nerve Impulse Synapse Reflex Arc The Human Nervous System The Central Nervous System The Peripheral Nervous System Some Problems of the Human Nervous System Relationship Between the Nervous System and the Endocrine System The Nervous Systems In Other Organisms CHAPTER 11 - SENSING THE ENVIRONMENT Components of Nervous Coordination Photoreceptors Vision Defects Chemoreceptors Mechanoreceptors Receptors in Other Organisms CHAPTER 12 - THE EXCRETORY SYSTEM Excretion in Humans Skin Lungs Liver Urinary System Excretory System Problems Excretion in Other Organisms CHAPTER 13 - THE SKELETAL SYSTEM The Skeletal System Functions Growth and Development Axial Skeleton Appendicular Skeleton Articulations (Joints) The Skeletal Muscles Functions Structure of a Skeletal Muscle Mechanism of a Muscle Contraction CHAPTER 14- HUMAN PATHOLOGY Diseases of Humans How Pathogens Cause Disease Host Defense Mechanisms Diseases Caused by Microbes Sexually Transmitted Diseases Diseases Caused by Worms Other Diseases CHAPTER 15 - REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT Reproduction Reproduction in Humans Development Stages of Embryonic Development Reproduction and Development in Other Organisms CHAPTER 16 - EVOLUTION The Origin of Life Evidence for Evolution Historical Development of the Theory of Evolution The Five Principles of Evolution Mechanisms of Evolution Mechanisms of Speciation Evolutionary Patterns How Living Things Have Changed The Record of Prehistoric Life Geological Eras Human Evolution CHAPTER 17 - BEHAVIOR Behavior of Animals Learned Behavior Innate Behavior Voluntary Behavior Plant Behavior Behavior of Protozoa Behavior of Other Organisms Drugs and Human Behavior CHAPTER 18 - PATTERNS OF ECOLOGY Ecology Populations Life History Characteristics Population Structure Population Dynamics Communities Components of Communities Interactions within Communities Consequences of Interactions Ecosystems Definitions Energy Flow Through Ecosystems Biogeochemical Cycles Hydrological Cycle Nitrogen Cycle Carbon Cycle Phosphorus Cycle Types of Ecosystems Human Influences on Ecosystems Use of Non-renewable Resources Use of Renewable Resources Use of Synthetic Chemicals Suggested Readings PRACTICE TESTS Biology-E Practice Tests SAT II: Biology E/M Practice Test 1 SAT II: Biology E/M Practice Test 2 SAT II: Biology E/M Practice Test 3 Biology-M Practice Tests SAT II: Biology E/M Practice Test 4 SAT II: Biology E/M Practice Test 5 SAT II: Biology E/M Practice Test 6 ANSWER SHEETS EXCERPT About Research & Education Association Research & Education Association (REA) is an organization of educators, scientists, and engineers specializing in various academic fields. Founded in 1959 with the purpose of disseminating the most recently developed scientific information to groups in industry, government, high schools, and universities, REA has since become a successful and highly respected publisher of study aids, test preps, handbooks, and reference works. REA''s Test Preparation series includes study guides for all academic levels in almost all disciplines. Research & Education Association publishes test preps for students who have not yet completed high school, as well as high school students preparing to enter college. Students from countries around the world seeking to attend college in the United States will find the assistance they need in REA''s publications. For college students seeking advanced degrees, REA publishes test preps for many major graduate school admission examinations in a wide variety of disciplines, including engineering, law, and medicine. Students at every level, in every field, with every ambition can find what they are looking for among REA''s publications. While most test preparation books present practice tests that bear little resemblance to the actual exams, REA''s series presents tests that accurately depict the official exams in both degree of difficulty and types of questions. REA''s practice tests are always based upon the most recently administered exams, and include every type of question that can be expected on the actual exams. REA''s publications and educational materials are highly regarded and continually receive an unprecedented amount of praise from professionals, instructors, librarians, parents, and students. Our authors are as diverse as the fields represented