The environmental challenges ahead have never been more acute. Pitted against a backdrop of rapidly changing land-use, climate change and economic challenges, we need the best evidence available to underpin the way we care for nature. Scotland has some of Europe's finest landscapes and wildlife. This volume provides a stock-take of environmental change across the land, water and seas of Scotland. Drawing on more than forty papers and posters presented at a conference organised by Scottish Natural Heritage and other agencies of the Scottish Government, the book provides a fresh overview of research, policies and grass root activities. Binding the chapters together is a rapidly evolving understanding of change, informed by the development of new metrics on trends and indicators. This book makes an important contribution to our understanding of environmental change in Scotland - and what we need to do to secure a healthier future for wildlife and people.