CONTENTS Chapter I. Papermaking and The Albigenses - II. Religious Emblems - III. Emblems of the Deity - IV. Emblems of Persecution and Preaching - V. The St. Grail and Other Romance Emblems - VI. The Philosophers Gold - VII. The Kabbalah - VIII. The Invention of Printing - IX. Printer's Devices - X. The Transference of Woodblocks - XI. Tricks of Obscurity - XII. The Renaissance-Conclusion. * * * * * * REVIEWS "A most interesting and scholarly attempt to trace through the symbolism of watermarks on mediaeval paper and contemporary printers' marks, the intellectual life, and the revolt against the tyranny of ecclesiasticism, among the artisans and craftsmen of the thirteenth century to the days of the Renaissance." -The Observer. "It is a most entrancing story that Mr. Harold Bayley unfolds in this copiously illustrated volume."- The Nation. "Mr. Bayley's pages have all the fascination of a tale of mystery as well as the strength of a logical treatise." -Manchester City News. "The author makes out a strong case, and one that needs full consideration." -The Antiquary. "Mr. Bayley has brought out many interesting facts regarding these emblems. They have been quoted and studied before, but he is the first who has made it seem likely that they were indeed something more than trademarks." -New York Times. "Mr. Bayley may at least claim the credit for having developed a new and alluring line of enquiry." -New York City Tribune. "He sweeps the whole field of symbolism-philosophical, religious, and artistic.... However difficult it may be to accept the author's conclusions as a whole, it must be admitted that he has really shed a new light on the Renaissance, and in so doing has evolved a theory that carries with it genuine interest, and moreover he has extracted from these ancient emblems facts and interpretations that must enter into any consideration of the subject in the future." -New York City Bookman.