This book explores the work of John Gray, controversial and widely read contemporary philosopher. This comprehensive volume links a critique of Gray's views on Marxism, humanism, and the Enlightenment--as well as his deep pessimism--with his position that attempts to tackle the core of issues like globalization and multiculturalism are hopelessly utopian. Challenging these and other assumptions in Gray's work in a clear and accessible way, John Hoffman focuses his criticism on the philosopher's traditionalist and problematic conception of utopia in the modern world.