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Weimar: A Cultural History (1977)

door Walter Laqueur

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The term "Weimar culture," while generally accepted, is in some respects unsatisfactory, if only because political and cultural history seldom coincides in time. Expressionism was not born with the defeat of the Imperial German army, nor is there any obvious connection between abstract painting and atonal music and the escape of the Kaiser, nor were the great scientific discoveries triggered off by the proclamation of the Republic in 1919. As the eminent historian Walter Laqueur demonstrates, the avant-gardism commonly associated with post-World War One precedes the Weimar Republic by a decade.It would no doubt be easier for the historian if the cultural history of Weimar were identical with the plays and theories of Bertolt Brecht; the creations of the Bauhaus and the articles published by the Weltbühne. But there were a great many other individuals and groups at work, and Laqueur gives a full and vivid accounting of their ideas and activities. The realities of Weimar culture comprise the political right as well as the left, the universities as well as the literary intelligentsia. It would not be complete without occasional glances beyond avant-garde thought and creation and their effects upon traditional German social and cultural attitudes and the often violent reactions against "Weimar" that would culminate with the rise of Hitler and the fall of the republic in 1933.This authoritative work is of immense importance to anyone interested in the history of Germany in this critical period of the country's life.… (meer)
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Durante gli anni della Repubblica di Weimar ( 1918-1933) la Germania elaborò la prima cultura autenticamente moderna, le cui realizzazioni ebbero profondi e duraturi effetti in innumerevoli settori, dall' architettura al teatro e al cinema, dal pensiero sociale alla scienza. Fu il periodo dell'espressionismo e di Einstein, di Thomas Mann e di Bertolt Brecht, della psicoanalisi e del neomarxismo della musica atonale e della Bauhaus, di Max Reinhardt e di Marlene Dietrich: anni quindi di vitalità creativa senza precedenti, ricchi di contenuti ma tuttavia non privi di contraddizioni intrinseche e di ombre inquietanti. L'evoluzione della Repubblica di Weimar, infatti, rappresentò in un certo senso la parabola della prima società permissiva della storia, che, forse proprio in quanto tale, produsse essa stessa gli impulsi che ne avrebbero provocato la violenta dissoluzione. Le strutture dell'establishment accademico rimasero sempre, nel loro complesso, sostanzialmente ostili alla Repubblica e a tutto ciò che essa rappresentava. Parallelamente alla cultura d'avanguardia e, in senso lato, « di sinistra », ne andò quindi gradualmente emergendo un'altra, di ispirazione contraria, rivolta contro tutto ciò che si configurava come « modernismo », assimilato in pratica al «bolscevismo » e con esso poi completamente identificato; e fu questa seconda cultura, che si richiamava ai valori dell'irrazionalismo, del sentimento, della «fede », a polarizzare intorno a sé strati sempre più vasti di un'opinione pubblica che istintivamente avversava gli innovatori fermenti politici e culturali e auspicava
una società « ordinata » che esprimesse uno Stato « forte ». L'opera di Walter Laqueur costituisce la prima, penetrante indagine della « cultura di Weimar» nella sua globalità, intesa nel senso più ampio di vita sociale di quel complesso e turbinoso periodo. Ne risulta, in un'avvincente esposizione dove l'approccio critico ai problemi si unisce felicemente a un'elegante agilità narrativa, un panorama esauriente delle ideologie, delle tematiche e dei movimenti che sono alla radice della cultura contemporanea. ( )
  BiblioLorenzoLodi | May 19, 2014 |
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Il 30 settembre 1918 Ludendorff e Hindenburg comunicarono al Kaiser, presso il comando supremo delle forze armate a Spa, che la guerra era perduta.
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The term "Weimar culture," while generally accepted, is in some respects unsatisfactory, if only because political and cultural history seldom coincides in time. Expressionism was not born with the defeat of the Imperial German army, nor is there any obvious connection between abstract painting and atonal music and the escape of the Kaiser, nor were the great scientific discoveries triggered off by the proclamation of the Republic in 1919. As the eminent historian Walter Laqueur demonstrates, the avant-gardism commonly associated with post-World War One precedes the Weimar Republic by a decade.It would no doubt be easier for the historian if the cultural history of Weimar were identical with the plays and theories of Bertolt Brecht; the creations of the Bauhaus and the articles published by the Weltbühne. But there were a great many other individuals and groups at work, and Laqueur gives a full and vivid accounting of their ideas and activities. The realities of Weimar culture comprise the political right as well as the left, the universities as well as the literary intelligentsia. It would not be complete without occasional glances beyond avant-garde thought and creation and their effects upon traditional German social and cultural attitudes and the often violent reactions against "Weimar" that would culminate with the rise of Hitler and the fall of the republic in 1933.This authoritative work is of immense importance to anyone interested in the history of Germany in this critical period of the country's life.

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