Resuming publication after WWII, Toynbee's work now focuses on the final phase in a Civilization's life, the universal state. Dismissing the idea that the universal state is an end in itself, and setting up 53 pages of definition and description, AJT passes on relatively quickly to the functions of universal states in the civilization's life cycle.
AJT classifies the functions as providing transports for ideas, for providing physical communication in relative safety, and for setting up garrisons and colonies as centres of intellectual activities. Universal States also redefine boundaries of provinces and sometimes create new populations either linguistically, or genetically.
As a department of universal states we also see law systems, calendars, weights and measures and intellectual communities regularized. There are institutions also having functional lives, such as Standing Armies, Civil bureaucracies, and legal citizenships. ( )