Antioch was a key city in the history of Christian-Jewish relations; it was there that Christianity evolved as a religion separate from Judaism. The city was also the site of a longtime, ongoing conflict with Jews from the Hellenistic period, which sometimes erupted in anti-Jewish riots. In the 3th-4th centuries, Christian homilists attacked not only the Jews but also the Judaeo-Christians in Antioch. In the time of the Emperor Julian, a reconciliation took place between official paganism and Judaism, but there was an anti-Jewish backlash in Antioch after the death of the emperor in 363. It was in this atmosphere that John Chrysostom preached his "Adversus Judaeos" sermons. Argues that the homilies against the Jews attest not so much to the anti-Jewish atmosphere in Antioch as to the widespread Christian infatuation with Judaism. Ch. 2 (p. 53-57) presents a few archaeological sources relating to the situation of Jews in Antioch. Chs. 3-4 (p. 59-81) describe nine letters (out of more than 1,500 extant letters) of Libanius, a resident of Antioch, relating to the relations of Jews with non-Jews. Ch. 5 (p. 83-127) presents an English translation of Chrysostom's homilies no. 1 and 8 against the Jews.