Over Christmas, I started my journey with the "Books of American Wisdom" series from Applewood Books, snagging Benjamin Franklin's "Book of Virtues" as my first read. This work, published in a small 4x7 hardbound volume, is a brief primer on American values during Revolutionary times.

Written in the mid-18th century, this guide was Franklin's attempt to define and cultivate the virtues essential for living a virtuous life. He crafted this 28-page essay during a time of enlightenment, aiming to provide a blueprint for personal improvement and moral excellence. Years ago, while teaching at Squadron Officer School, I did a leadership lecture series based on this short but important work. I've summarized some of that for you below.

Spoilers follow: If you want skip the read but get the gist of the book continue below.

1. Temperance: "Eat not to dullness; drink not to elevation." Temperance means moderation in all aspects of consumption. Today, this virtue translates to mindful eating and drinking—being aware of what and how much we consume—and choosing health and well-being over indulgence. In an era of fast food and faster lives, Franklin reminds us to slow down and make intentional choices for our physical and mental health.
   
   
2. Silence: "Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself; avoid trifling conversation." In Franklin's age (or even up to about twenty years ago), this might have meant refraining from idle gossip. In today's digital age, this translates to keeping a thoughtful presence both on social media and in our personal interactions. Silence reminds us to contribute positively and constructively while avoiding the pitfalls of meaningless or harmful conversation. Use your voice for positive benefit.
   
   
3. Order: "Let all your things have their places; let each part of your business have its time." Franklin's order is not about physical tidiness but the organization of life and setting priorities. Today, we need to seek work-life balance and set boundaries. Schedule yourself to prevent the stress of disorganization. In today's "work from home" or "always on" environment, this is increasingly difficult. Strive for balance.
   
   
4. Resolution: "Resolve to perform what you ought; perform without fail what you resolve." Resolution is about commitment and reliability. In the words of another Patriot (John Stuart Mill), "Do your duty in all things. You can never do more; you should never wish to do less." Stick to your principles. Keep your promises. In a world full of distractions and ever-shifting priorities, be a pillar of dependability.
   
   
5. Frugality: "Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself; i.e., waste nothing." Frugality for Franklin wasn't about mere penny-pinching; it was about value and intentionality in how resources are used. In a society driven by consumerism, frugality challenges us to rethink our relationship with money and material things, encouraging a life of simplicity, generosity, and mindful consumption. Make choices that align with your values and contribute to a larger good to ensure a legacy of not just wealth, but also kindness and responsibility.
   
   
6. Industry: "Lose no time; be always employ'd in something useful; cut off all unnecessary actions." Industry is about diligence and productivity. In the modern world, it means embracing a work ethic that values proactivity and contributing meaningfully to our communities and workplaces. Balance ambition with well-being and don't let yourself burn out. Strive to find joy and value in your work. In an age where time is precious, spend it wisely to benefit yourself and others.
   
   
7. Sincerity: "Use no hurtful deceit; think innocently and justly; and, if you speak, speak accordingly." Sincerity is about truthfulness and authenticity in our thoughts and communications. Today, it urges us to engage with the world with integrity and kindness. Be genuine in interactions with others. Avoid deceit. Foster relationships based on trust and respect. In an era where misinformation can spread rapidly, sincerity is a reminder to be thoughtful and to communicate with the intention of building understanding. Be authentic.
   
   
8. Justice: "Wrong none by doing injuries, or omitting the benefits that are your duty." Justice is about fairness and righteousness. In today's world, it means standing up for what is right and ensuring fairness in our actions and decisions. It's about recognizing our duty to others and society, and not shying away from it. It doesn't mean "an eye for an eye." It's about acknowledging our shared humanity and the responsibilities that come with it, ensuring that our actions contribute positively to the lives of others and the rest of the world.
   
   
9. Moderation: "Avoid extremes; forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve." Moderation is about balance and self-control. Avoid extremes in emotions, actions, and opinions. Today, we must recognize the value of middle ground and the dangers of excess. Manage your reactions. Choose forgiveness over resentment. Cultivate behaviors that favor thinking over impulsive actions. In a world that is polarized and extreme, moderation is a reminder of the strength found in wisdom and in seeking different perspectives.
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10. Cleanliness: "Tolerate no uncleanliness in body, clothes, or habitation." For Franklin, cleanliness was not just about the physical but also about maintaining an environment that fosters health and efficiency. Today, it encompasses personal hygiene, an organized living space, and a clutter-free mind. Create surroundings that promote well-being and productivity and recognize that environments can significantly impact our state-of-mind. Respect yourself and others through the care you take in your personal and shared spaces. Aim for a life that is not only physically, but also mentally and emotionally well-ordered.
    
    
11. Tranquility: "Be not disturbed at trifles, or at accidents common or unavoidable." Franklin defines tranquility as maintaining inner peace and composure, even in the face of difficulty. It's about cultivating a mindset that can withstand stress and upheaval—finding serenity amidst the chaos. Develop resilience. Practice mindfulness. Choose to react to situations with calm and thoughtful consideration. In an age of constant connectivity and immediate reactions, tranquility is a reminder of the power of a peaceful mind and the importance of keeping a good spirit in everything you do.
    
    
12. Chastity: "Rarely use venery but for health or offspring, never to dullness, weakness, or the injury of another's peace or reputation." This is a fun one. Chastity, to Franklin, was about prudent and respectful engagement in sexual activities. "Venery" is an old term for sexual indulgence, which Franklin cautions against. Today, this virtue emphasizes the importance of consent, respect, and understanding in all relationships. It's about recognizing the profound impact behaviors have on your physical and emotional well-being, as well as that of others. Be mindful and responsible in your closest connections. Strive for healthy, respectful, and mutually beneficial relationships.
    
    
13. Humility: "Imitate Jesus and Socrates." And the last...often the virtue that is most ignored. Franklin's reference to Jesus and Socrates highlights the virtues of modesty and open-mindedness. Today, humility is about acknowledging your limitations, being receptive to new ideas, and valuing others' contributions. Recognize that there is always room for growth and learning. In a society that often values self-promotion and certainty, humility reminds you to stay grounded, embrace your imperfections, and continuously strive to be better, more compassionate person.
    

After presenting his 13 virtues, Franklin delves into his own practical application of these principles. He shares his own approach to improvement, and even his schedule (bed at 1 am, then up at 5 am!), offering insights into the challenges and benefits of living a virtuous life. Franklin doesn't just dictate; he invites readers into his own journey of self-improvement, revealing his struggles and successes with candor and humility. This portion of the book is particularly engaging as it moves beyond theory into real experience, providing a better understanding of how these virtues can be cultivated and sustained over time.

Reading Franklin's "Book of Virtues" is like having a conversation with a wise mentor who understands the complexities of human nature. I recommend it for anyone interested in personal development, history, or philosophy. Franklin's approachable narrative and the timeless relevance of his virtues offer valuable insights for anyone looking to navigate life's challenges. The book serves as a reminder that the pursuit of virtue is never ending, but something we must all strive for.