This short novel is set in a 23rd century Earth at a time when the population explosion in most of the world is causing severe overcrowding, such that a Bureau of Population Equalisation (Popeek) has been established by the UN more or less to forcibly redistribute parts of the world's population to less populous areas (though it should be said that the world population in 2232 is stated to be 7 billion, which is actually what it reached in 2011). Despite this grim backdrop, this novel has quite a humorous feel when read today; it was published in 1957 and the attitudes towards both the science fiction elements, and wider social attitudes, are of their time. There are pulp fiction aliens from a neighbouring solar system that Popeek wants to use as a refuge to relieve the overcrowding on Earth; there is an expedition landing on Venus to try to terraform it. At another level, though, the story is about the moral dilemmas faced by one man, Roy Walton, the head of Popeek, who comes into office unexpectedly following the assassination of his predecessor as part of a plot by anti-population equalisers. Walton finds that that predecessor had kept much of his work secret, and the decisions he needs to take to do his job and combat the conspiracy require him to assume arbitrary and even dictatorial powers as the novel's title suggests, though he genuinely believes himself to be doing these actions for humanity's long term benefit. My description probably makes this novel sound like a bit of a mess, but it is actually an enjoyable read that packs a lot into its 144 pages, but does so effortlessly as the narrative flows very easily with the minimum of effort and extraneous description. Not a classic SF novel, but definitely worth a look. ( )