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Empiricism and the Philosophy of Mind

door Wilfrid Sellars

Andere auteurs: Robert Brandom (Study Guide), Richard Rorty (Introductie)

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The most important work by one of America's greatest twentieth-century philosophers, Empiricism and the Philosophy of Mind is both the epitome of Wilfrid Sellars' entire philosophical system and a key document in the history of philosophy. First published in essay form in 1956, it helped bring about a sea change in analytic philosophy. It broke the link, which had bound Russell and Ayer to Locke and Hume--the doctrine of "knowledge by acquaintance." Sellars' attack on the Myth of the Given in Empiricism and the Philosophy of Mind was a decisive move in turning analytic philosophy away from the foundationalist motives of the logical empiricists and raised doubts about the very idea of "epistemology." With an introduction by Richard Rorty to situate the work within the history of recent philosophy, and with a study guide by Robert Brandom, this publication of Empiricism and the Philosophy of Mind makes a difficult but indisputably significant figure in the development of analytic philosophy clear and comprehensible to anyone who would understand that philosophy or its history.… (meer)
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Sellars, em um texto barroco e complexo, expõe em suas diferentes variantes o mito do dado - de que existe conhecimento não-mediado, imediato, direto. O faz em considerações analíticas de posições históricas - colocando uma versão clássica-realista, uma empirista, dos "dados dos sentidos" e versões contemporâneas (até a década de 50) ainda tingidas pelo mito, para chegar na versão ryleana, que elimina o mito, mas a custo de eliminar as categorias importantes do pensamento (episódios mentais internos) e impressões - isto é, de dizer que a entidade "mente" é ilusória. Sellars quer então mostrar que há como ser wittgensteiniano sem ser ryleano - que é possível manter, via apelo à noção de entidades teóricas, essas categorias e ao mesmo tempo recusar o mito do dado. Isso o leva a formular o "mito de Jones".

O homem é um usuário de conceitos, cuja unidade básica é o uso da palavra pra fazer julgamentos. O coloca no espaço das razões - o jogo de dar e pedir por razões, em meio a uma comunidade de usuários da linguagem. Mas então, e as impressões, não fundamentam nada? Não. A racionalidade não precisa de um início ou fundamento, mas mecanismos de auto-regulação. É possível modelar o pensamento como performances verbais públicas internalizadas e impressões como relatos observacionais internalizados. Nossas disposições diferenciais confiáveis de reação são ligadas em paralelo ao nosso sistema conceitual, de modo que possamos dar respostas confiáveis, e endossar afirmações sobre o mundo, de um ponto de vista de alguém que considera ter uma mente.

(Eventualmente, há talvez algum isomorfismo aí, mas ele seria desvendado por uma metodologia científica, de tipo diferente da epistêmica-normativa do uso comum da linguagem.)

Enfim, é um texto fascinante, convincente, influente, importante, mas difícil. Para ler pelo menos duas vezes, a segunda fichando. A tradução me incomoda aqui e ali, muito dura na passagem do inglês ao português. O livro vem acompanhado de um guia de leitura do Robert Brandom que é realmente útil. ( )
  henrique_iwao | Aug 30, 2022 |
Instead of coming to have a concept of something because we have noticed that sort of thing, to have the ability to notice a sort of thing is already to have the concept of that sort of thing, and cannot account for it.

Brandom's study guide almost brought me to the point of understanding Sellars, but Brandom himself is hard to follow. Maybe someday Harvard will publish a new edition with a study guide to Brandom's study guide so I can finally figure out how this is all supposed to work. ( )
  drbrand | Jun 16, 2021 |
Occasionally confusing, this key text in the history of modern philosophy is nevertheless brilliant, and I found the arguments somewhat more convincing than Austin's Sense and Sensibilia (which treated of the same matters, and was I believe published a few years after this monograph by Sellars). ( )
  lukeasrodgers | Mar 15, 2010 |
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» Andere auteurs toevoegen

AuteursnaamRolType auteurWerk?Status
Wilfrid Sellarsprimaire auteuralle editiesberekend
Brandom, RobertStudy GuideSecundaire auteuralle editiesbevestigd
Rorty, RichardIntroductieSecundaire auteuralle editiesbevestigd
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Originally published in essay form in Minnesota Studies in the Philosophy of Science, Volume 1, 1956. This volume is not part of the series Minnesota Studies in the Philosophy of Science.
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The most important work by one of America's greatest twentieth-century philosophers, Empiricism and the Philosophy of Mind is both the epitome of Wilfrid Sellars' entire philosophical system and a key document in the history of philosophy. First published in essay form in 1956, it helped bring about a sea change in analytic philosophy. It broke the link, which had bound Russell and Ayer to Locke and Hume--the doctrine of "knowledge by acquaintance." Sellars' attack on the Myth of the Given in Empiricism and the Philosophy of Mind was a decisive move in turning analytic philosophy away from the foundationalist motives of the logical empiricists and raised doubts about the very idea of "epistemology." With an introduction by Richard Rorty to situate the work within the history of recent philosophy, and with a study guide by Robert Brandom, this publication of Empiricism and the Philosophy of Mind makes a difficult but indisputably significant figure in the development of analytic philosophy clear and comprehensible to anyone who would understand that philosophy or its history.

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