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The forgotten revolution : how science was born in 300 BC and why it had to be reborn

door Lucio Russo

Andere auteurs: Zie de sectie andere auteurs.

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The period from the late fourth to the late second century B. C. witnessed, in Greek-speaking countries, an explosion of objective knowledge about the external world. WhileGreek culture had reached great heights in art, literature and philosophyalreadyin the earlier classical era, it is in the so-called Hellenistic period that we see for the ?rst time -- anywhere in the world -- the appearance of science as we understand it now: not an accumulation of facts or philosophically based speculations, but an or- nized effort to model nature and apply such models, or scienti?ctheories in a sense we will make precise, to the solution of practical problems and to a growing understanding of nature. We owe this new approach to scientists such as Archimedes, Euclid, Eratosthenes and many others less familiar todaybut no less remarkable. Yet, not long after this golden period, much of this extraordinary dev- opment had been reversed. Rome borrowed what it was capable of from the Greeks and kept it for a little while yet, but created very little science of its own. Europe was soon smothered in theobscurantism and stasis that blocked most avenues of intellectual development for a thousand years -- until, as is well known, the rediscovery of ancient culture in its fullness paved the way to the modern age.… (meer)
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Has some pretty interesting references to ancient Greek science and technology. It appeals to the mad scientist/geeky side of myself. If you like Lenoardo da Vinci's work you'll like reading this.

Sometimes the author seems to be stretching scraps of material to argue some of his points, but I certainly agree with his general thrust that most historians have oversimpified the early history of science.

If you've read fiction like Anathem or Canticle for Leibovitz, this is a nice non-fiction analysis of some of the issues touched on by these books.

I'd love to see more work looking more in-depth at is the reasons why so much information and knowledge began to be lost and what conditions were needed to not only re-discover them but then to create the exponential growth of our current technology and science. The author comes back to these issues, but much of the time in the book has to be spent establishing the high scientific capabilities of the earlier Hellenistic society. ( )
  JonathanGorman | Oct 31, 2009 |
Lo scopo principale del libro è rivalutare la Scienza Ellenistica, non mancano però considerazioni più generali, specie sull'attuale crisi scientifica. All'inizio del saggio Russo determina le caratteristiche che deve avere la Scienza: 1. Le affermazioni "scientifiche" non riguardano oggetti concreti, ma enti "teorici" specifici. 2. La teoria ha una struttura rigorosamente deduttiva; è costituita cioè da pochi enunciati fondamentali ("assiomi", "postulati" o "principi") sui propri enti caratteristici e da un metodo unitario e universalmente accettato per dedurne un numero illimitato di conseguenze. 3. Le applicazioni al mondo reale sono basate su delle "regole di corrispondenza" tra gli enti della teoria e gli oggetti concreti. La difficoltà nel valutare esattamente il livello di conoscenze di Erofilo e soci è data dal grande numero di testi che sono andati persi. Russo supera questo problema identificando gli echi di quei lavori che si trovano in scrittori successivi. Un lavoro encomiabile, ma anche un grande limite del testo: in alcune parti si devono fare molte assunzioni che, per quanto ragionevoli, non possono essere dimostrate con certezza, proprio a causa della penuria di testimonianze. Molto solide, invece, le testimonianze archeologiche, come il celebre meccanismo di Anticitera, che testimoniano il grande livello degli scienziati "alessandrini". La trattazione della Scienza moderna risulta molto meno soddisfacente. Protagonisti come Keplero e De Broglie sono liquidati in poche righe. Più in generale a Russo, come esplicitamente ammesso al capitolo 11.8, non va giù la nascita della moderna fisica, distinta dall'antica matematica. È l'hypotheses non fingo la pietra dello scandalo, il distaccarsi dal rigore logico-deduttivo in favore di uno sguardo più aperto sul mondo e i suoi fenomeni. Si chiude con un gran bell'epilogo, e con un monito: il progresso scientifico non è garantito, e la regressione verso mentalità pre-scientifiche è sempre in agguato. ( )
  tfrab | Nov 15, 2008 |
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» Andere auteurs toevoegen (2 mogelijk)

AuteursnaamRolType auteurWerk?Status
Lucio Russoprimaire auteuralle editiesberekend
Deninger, BärbelVertalerSecundaire auteursommige editiesbevestigd
Levy, SilvioVertalerSecundaire auteursommige editiesbevestigd
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The period from the late fourth to the late second century B. C. witnessed, in Greek-speaking countries, an explosion of objective knowledge about the external world. WhileGreek culture had reached great heights in art, literature and philosophyalreadyin the earlier classical era, it is in the so-called Hellenistic period that we see for the ?rst time -- anywhere in the world -- the appearance of science as we understand it now: not an accumulation of facts or philosophically based speculations, but an or- nized effort to model nature and apply such models, or scienti?ctheories in a sense we will make precise, to the solution of practical problems and to a growing understanding of nature. We owe this new approach to scientists such as Archimedes, Euclid, Eratosthenes and many others less familiar todaybut no less remarkable. Yet, not long after this golden period, much of this extraordinary dev- opment had been reversed. Rome borrowed what it was capable of from the Greeks and kept it for a little while yet, but created very little science of its own. Europe was soon smothered in theobscurantism and stasis that blocked most avenues of intellectual development for a thousand years -- until, as is well known, the rediscovery of ancient culture in its fullness paved the way to the modern age.

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