In this volume, nine scholars discuss some of the most critical questions posed by the events of 1989, revolutions which, like the American, French, and Russian revolutions, will not be fully comprehended for many decades. Their articles focus on the political and military role of the United States in the 21st century; the worldwide decline of the left over the last decade; Mikhail Gorbachev's search for socialist renewal; the loss of moral legitimacy in communist systems; the failure of student demonstrations in China to mobilize broad popular support; the relative success of China's economic reform; the paradox of Kim II Sung and the importance of historical and cultural influences; the failure of both the United States and the Soviet Union to develop a viable world vision; and the need for a comprehensive plan to promote economic development in formerly communist countries. By explaining what happened, what forces have been at work in the great struggles that led to 1989, and how these forces continue to operate, the contributors hope to make it clear that there continues to be a future over which to struggle, and the no outcome is predetermined.