In 1969, the Government of Canada ended its partnership with the churches in the management of residential schools and adopted a policy aimed at dismantling the system.2 Between the 1800s and the 1990s, over 130 church-run residences, industrial and boarding schools and northern hostels existed at one time or another, the number peaking at 80 in 1931.3 The last federally-run residential school, Go [...] A framework for understanding and addressing healing from the legacy of physical and sexual abuse in the residential school system follows in Chapter 4. The main body of this report is introduced with a discussion of historic trauma and its role in the process of healing from the long-term effects of the residential school system. [...] In its work on best practices in mental health reform, the Clarke Institute of Psychiatry noted the differences between the world of model programs and the realities of service delivery in normal conditions-a reality that means there is always a process of adaptation to local conditions and cultures.13. [...] A definition of healing contained in the 1996 report of the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples (RCAP) incorporates an historical understanding of the impact of the past on the need for healing. [...] Overall, the pattern of responses is similar to that of all funded projects: the highest numbers are found in Ontario and British Columbia, followed by Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Alberta and Quebec and the lowest numbers are in the Atlantic regions and northern territories.19 VOLUME III: PROMISING HEALING PRACTICES IN ABORIGINAL COMMUNITIES CHAPTER THREE 1 1 Table 2 indicates the number of projects l