Written for planners and managers in development and relief agencies, Oxfam Development Guidelines draw on Oxfam's experience to review current thinking on theory and practice in a range of development and relief fields. Despite all the efforts of development agencies, pastoral communities in Africa are no less vulnerable to drought, famine and environmental degradation than they were forty years ago. Development agencies working with pastoralists have concentrated on technical programmes to combat threats such as drought, famine, and environmental degradation. Julian Prior argues that their initiatives would be more relevant and sustainable if they were supported by social development which strengthened the institutional capacity of pastoral communities. Improved technologies should make a positive contribution to the security of pastoral peoples: food security, political security and security of rights to land and water. Community development planners, for whom this book is written, have a major role to play in this process.