Chronic total occlusions (CTO) are common, and found in approximately one third of patients with significant coronary artery disease who undergo angiography. Over the past 20 years, CTO lesions have represented the most difficult anatomy for treatment - with lower success rates and higher complication rates. Chronic Total Occlusions provides interventionalists insight into the world of CTOs with introductory chapters that describe the pathology and indications of CTOs along with a review of clinical trials. Imaging modalities including CT angiography, magnetic navigation wire, and IVU