ʻAlī ibn Abī al-Ḥazm Ibn al-Nafīs (1213–1288)

Probably written in the 13th Century, this is one of the first Arabic novels. I read this as it was referenced as an early science fiction story, but personally found it far more like a religious story. The story of a boy growing up on an island discovering nature, science, the end of the world, and concluding there must be a creator through logic. Once he met people he was taught of the religion he reasoned must exist.