Hans-Georg MoellerBesprekingen
Auteur van The Philosophy of the Daodejing
Besprekingen
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To each system the others are just the environment, they influence the system, but not in any direct, simply input-output related way. The systems has it's own rules / ways of digesting the input and creating things from it that make sense to it.
Just like a living organism takes it's food and energy from the environment, and creates Picasso's with it. Who could have guessed such a relation between input (potatoes) and output?
Anyway, this view goes a long way in making clear why politics so often seems to come to nothing, or why the economy takes its own fearful course.
The book is not very factual however, if you want to know more about the abstract theory of complex adaptive systems. Or want to know how exactly (e.g.) the mass media is an example of such a system.